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Academic ranks in Finland : ウィキペディア英語版 | Academic ranks in Finland
The following are academic ranks in the Finnish higher education system. There are a specific number of posts, which can be applied to when they are vacated or established. A Professor, for example, is a leader of a laboratory or a group. One of the idiosyncrasies of the Finnish system is the absence of assistant and associate professors, as well as the limited number of full professorships. ==Professors==
Finland's system is similar to the traditional German system in that there is a limited number of posts for professors (''professori''), who head research groups and take part in administration in addition to lecturing. The rank of ''apulaisprofessori'' (literally, "assistant professor" but may refer to Assistant or Associate Professor depending on the university) is in use. Fulfillment of a professor's post often requires that the previous professor has retired. Qualifications for a professor are a doctor's degree and an extensive independent publication record; the degree of ''lisensiaatti'' (Licentiate) does not qualify. (For example, in medicine, the common degree equivalent to a medical doctor is a ''lisensiaatti'' degree: additional research and study is required for the degree called ''lääketieteen tohtori'', "Doctor of Medicine.")
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